{"id":14535,"date":"2025-05-09T09:24:25","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T07:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/?post_type=glossary&#038;p=14535"},"modified":"2026-05-13T13:29:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T11:29:48","slug":"test-types","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/","title":{"rendered":"Exam types"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">In everyday language, a <strong>Type <\/strong>something like a basic form. <strong>Exam types <\/strong>place rather <strong>abstract <\/strong>and <strong>wide <\/strong>categories. It seems sensible to use the term \"examination types\" to refer to the perspective of examination law and <strong>as usual:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>written,<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: .9375rem;\">oral and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: .9375rem;\">practical examinations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: .9375rem;\">as <strong>three audit types<\/strong> (cf. Morgenroth, 2021, p. 128 ff.). Since at least examinations with legal consequences (examinations that lead to certification) are strongly influenced by legal framework conditions, it can be considered justified from a didactic point of view to take this side of testing into account when determining examination types. While written and oral examination types are relatively clearly characterized by the mode of writing or speaking, the constitutive characteristic of the practical examination type is comparatively vague: what is required is an action beyond writing and speaking in order to demonstrate a performance, which can be quite variable depending on the subject (e.g. performing a medical action, carrying out programming or implementing a scientific experiment). Nevertheless, this <strong>Classification in university examination practice<\/strong> in Germany <strong>established<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Exam types could be a <strong>Upper (abstract) level for ordering tests<\/strong> form.<\/p>\n<p>If you wanted to <strong>from a didactic point of view<\/strong> types of examination, one would probably start with the question, <strong>what is to be checked and why<\/strong> and in this case <strong>Taxonomies of learning objectives <\/strong>for type formation. This could be, but does not necessarily have to be, the widely used classics, i.e. Bloom's taxonomy (Bloom, 1972) or the revised version by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001).<\/p>\n<p>There are also <strong>other suggestions<\/strong> for the organization of teaching or learning objectives: for example <strong>classifications based on action theory<\/strong> (Hahn &amp; Euler, 2007) or those that are specifically <strong>Academic goals<\/strong> such as critical ability, epistemic understanding, research skills, argumentation skills and contextualization skills (Murtonen &amp; Salmento, 2019).<\/p>\n<p>On <strong>Exam types based on teaching and learning objectives in the sense of generic terms<\/strong>, to which different variants can be subordinated would be highly interesting, are currently <strong>but not common<\/strong>.<br \/>\n------------<br \/>\n<strong>Quote<\/strong> with emphasis (pp. 14-15) from: Bandtel, M., Baume, M., Brinkmann, E., Bedenlier, S., Budde, J., Eugster, B., Ghoneim, A., Halbherr, T., Persike, M., Rampelt, F., Reinmann, G., Sari, Z., Schulz, A. (eds.) (2021). Digital examinations in higher education. Whitepaper of a Community Working Group from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Version 1.1. Berlin: Hochschulforum Digitalisierung.<br \/>\n------------<br \/>\n<strong>Literature:<\/strong><br \/>\nAnderson, L.W., &amp; Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessment. A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational outcomes. NY: Longman. Bloom, B.S. (1972). Taxonomy of learning objectives in the cognitive domain (4th ed.): Weinheim: Beltz.<\/p>\n<p>Murtonen, M. &amp; Salmento, H. (2019). Broadening the theory of scientific thinking for higher education. In M. Murtonen &amp; K. Balloo (Eds.), Redefining scientific thinking for higher education. Higher-order thinking, evidence-based reasoning and research skills, (pp. 3-29). Berlin: Springer<\/p>\n<p>Morgenroth, C. (2021). Interim assessment of Corona university law from the perspective of university practice, Part II - Methodological and legal basic questions on online examinations. Order of Science, 2, 117-131. https:\/\/ordnungderwissenschaft.de\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2021\/03\/03_02_2021_Morgenroth.pdf<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Im alltagssprachlichen Verst\u00e4ndnis bezeichnet ein Typus so etwas wie eine Grundform. Pr\u00fcfungstypen stellen eher abstrakte und weite Kategorien dar. Es erscheint sinnvoll, mit dem Begriff Pr\u00fcfungstypen eine Orientierung an der pr\u00fcfungsrechtlichen Perspektive einzunehmen und wie \u00fcblich: schriftliche, m\u00fcndliche und praktische Pr\u00fcfungen als drei Pr\u00fcfungstypen zu unterscheiden (vgl. Morgenroth, 2021, S. 128 ff.). Da zumindest das [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","glossary-cat":[46],"class_list":["post-14535","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry","glossary-cat-arten-der-leistungsbewertung"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00fcfungstypen - eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/glossary\/test-types\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00fcfungstypen - eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Im alltagssprachlichen Verst\u00e4ndnis bezeichnet ein Typus so etwas wie eine Grundform. Pr\u00fcfungstypen stellen eher abstrakte und weite Kategorien dar. Es erscheint sinnvoll, mit dem Begriff Pr\u00fcfungstypen eine Orientierung an der pr\u00fcfungsrechtlichen Perspektive einzunehmen und wie \u00fcblich: schriftliche, m\u00fcndliche und praktische Pr\u00fcfungen als drei Pr\u00fcfungstypen zu unterscheiden (vgl. Morgenroth, 2021, S. 128 ff.). Da zumindest das [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/glossary\/test-types\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-13T11:29:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/glossary\\\/pruefungstypen\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/glossary\\\/pruefungstypen\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pr\u00fcfungstypen - eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-09T07:24:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-13T11:29:48+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/glossary\\\/pruefungstypen\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/glossary\\\/pruefungstypen\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/glossary\\\/pruefungstypen\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pr\u00fcfungstypen\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/\",\"name\":\"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/eTeach_Logo_offblack_offwhite_rund.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/eTeach_Logo_offblack_offwhite_rund.png\",\"width\":1151,\"height\":1152,\"caption\":\"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/eteachnetzwerk.thueringen\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/eteach-netzwerk-thringen\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Exam types - eTeach Network Thuringia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/glossary\/test-types\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pr\u00fcfungstypen - eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen","og_description":"Im alltagssprachlichen Verst\u00e4ndnis bezeichnet ein Typus so etwas wie eine Grundform. Pr\u00fcfungstypen stellen eher abstrakte und weite Kategorien dar. Es erscheint sinnvoll, mit dem Begriff Pr\u00fcfungstypen eine Orientierung an der pr\u00fcfungsrechtlichen Perspektive einzunehmen und wie \u00fcblich: schriftliche, m\u00fcndliche und praktische Pr\u00fcfungen als drei Pr\u00fcfungstypen zu unterscheiden (vgl. Morgenroth, 2021, S. 128 ff.). Da zumindest das [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/glossary\/test-types\/","og_site_name":"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen","article_modified_time":"2026-05-13T11:29:48+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/","url":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/","name":"Exam types - eTeach Network Thuringia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-05-09T07:24:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-13T11:29:48+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/glossary\/pruefungstypen\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pr\u00fcfungstypen"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/","name":"eTeach Network Thuringia","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#organization","name":"eTeach Network Thuringia","url":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/eTeach_Logo_offblack_offwhite_rund.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/eTeach_Logo_offblack_offwhite_rund.png","width":1151,"height":1152,"caption":"eTeach-Netzwerk Th\u00fcringen"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/eteachnetzwerk.thueringen\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/eteach-netzwerk-thringen\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/14535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/14535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18272,"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/14535\/revisions\/18272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eteach-thueringen.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-cat?post=14535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}